Exercise
1)
Select the correct word from the following list and fill in the blanks. float,
water, crop, nutrients, preparation
(a)
The same kind of plants grown and cultivated on a large scale at a place is called
_ crop _.
The same kind of plants grown and cultivated on a large scale at a place is called
_ crop _.
(b)
The first step before growing crops is _preparation__ of the soil.
The first step before growing crops is _preparation__ of the soil.
(c)
Damaged seeds would __float__ on top of water.
Damaged seeds would __float__ on top of water.
(d)
For growing a crop, sufficient sunlight and _ water __ and _ nutrients_ from
the soil are
essential.
For growing a crop, sufficient sunlight and _ water __ and _ nutrients_ from
the soil are
essential.
2)
Match items in column A with those in column B
A B
(i) Kharif crops (a) Food for cattle
(ii) Rabi crops (b)
Urea and super Phosphate
Urea and super Phosphate
(iii) Chemical fertilizers (c)
Animal excreta, Cow dung urine and Plant waste
Animal excreta, Cow dung urine and Plant waste
(iv) Organic manure d) Wheat, gram, pea
e) Paddy and maize
ANSWER:-
i)——e)
ii)—–d)
iii)—–b)
iv)——c)
3) Give two examples of each.(a) Kharif crop(b) Rabi crop
ANSWER:- (a) Kharif crop → Paddy, maize
(b) Rabi crop → Wheat, gram
4)
Write a paragraph in your own words on each of the following.(a)
Preparation of soil (b) Sowing
(c) Weeding (d) Threshing
ANSWER:-
(a)
Preparation of soil:
Preparation of soil:
It
is the first method to be followed before growing a crop. This method is
usually employed for loosening the soil
to allow the root to penetrate deep into it. The loosening of the soil helps in
the growth of several soil microbes, earthworms
etc., which enrich the soil with humus and other essential nutrients. Plants
require nutrients for their proper growth and functioning. The process of
loosening is called tilling or ploughing the soil. Tilling of soil brings the
nutrient-rich soil to the top. This helps the plants to utilize the nutrients
for their growth.
is the first method to be followed before growing a crop. This method is
usually employed for loosening the soil
to allow the root to penetrate deep into it. The loosening of the soil helps in
the growth of several soil microbes, earthworms
etc., which enrich the soil with humus and other essential nutrients. Plants
require nutrients for their proper growth and functioning. The process of
loosening is called tilling or ploughing the soil. Tilling of soil brings the
nutrient-rich soil to the top. This helps the plants to utilize the nutrients
for their growth.
b)Sowing:
Sowing
is another important step in crop production. It is the process of placing the
seed in or on the soil for future growth. The seeds that are selected for
growing should be of good quality. This will improve the net yield of the crop.
Sowing is usually done with the help of either a traditional tool or a seed drill. The traditional
tool is shaped like a funnel. It was used earlier for sowing seeds. Nowadays,
seed drills that make the use of tractors are used for sowing seeds. This tool disperses seeds uniformly and sows
seeds at proper depth. Sowing by this method saves time and also protects the
seeds from birds.
is another important step in crop production. It is the process of placing the
seed in or on the soil for future growth. The seeds that are selected for
growing should be of good quality. This will improve the net yield of the crop.
Sowing is usually done with the help of either a traditional tool or a seed drill. The traditional
tool is shaped like a funnel. It was used earlier for sowing seeds. Nowadays,
seed drills that make the use of tractors are used for sowing seeds. This tool disperses seeds uniformly and sows
seeds at proper depth. Sowing by this method saves time and also protects the
seeds from birds.
c)Weeding:
Undesirable
plants that grow along with the crop are known as weeds. Weeding is the process
of
removing these weeds. Xanthium, Parthenium, etc. are
some common weeds. Weeds compete with the crop
for nutrients, light, and space. As a result, crop plants get lesser nutrients,
light, and
plants that grow along with the crop are known as weeds. Weeding is the process
of
removing these weeds. Xanthium, Parthenium, etc. are
some common weeds. Weeds compete with the crop
for nutrients, light, and space. As a result, crop plants get lesser nutrients,
light, and
space
for their development.
for their development.
d)Threshing:
Threshing
is the process of separating grains or seeds from chaff. It is done after
harvesting the crop. It is usually carried out with the help of a machine known
as ‘Combine’. This machine is a combined
harvester and thresher. It harvests plants as well as cleans grains.
is the process of separating grains or seeds from chaff. It is done after
harvesting the crop. It is usually carried out with the help of a machine known
as ‘Combine’. This machine is a combined
harvester and thresher. It harvests plants as well as cleans grains.
5)
Explain how fertilisers are different from manure.
ANSWER:-
Fertilisers.
-Fertilizers
are made from chemicals and they are rich in plant nutrients like nitrogen,
phosphorus etc.
are made from chemicals and they are rich in plant nutrients like nitrogen,
phosphorus etc.
-Fertilizers
are prepared in factories.
are prepared in factories.
-Fertilizers
do not provide any humus to the soil
do not provide any humus to the soil
-Fertilizers
pollute water as they are made from chemicals
pollute water as they are made from chemicals
Manure
-Manures
are made from cattle dung, human waste and plant residues. Manures are
relatively less rich in plant nutrients as compared to fertilizers.
are made from cattle dung, human waste and plant residues. Manures are
relatively less rich in plant nutrients as compared to fertilizers.
-Manures
are prepared in the fields.
are prepared in the fields.
-Manure
provides a lot of humus to the soil.
provides a lot of humus to the soil.
-Manures
do not pollute water as they are made from natural substances.
do not pollute water as they are made from natural substances.
6)
What is irrigation? Describe two methods of irrigation which conserve water.
ANSWER:-Irrigation
is the process by which water is supplied to crops at different intervals. The
time and frequency of irrigation varies according to different seasons, crops,
and soil types
is the process by which water is supplied to crops at different intervals. The
time and frequency of irrigation varies according to different seasons, crops,
and soil types
a) Sprinkler system:
This
system is more useful on uneven land, having fewer water supplies. In this
method, water is supplied using pipes to one or more central locations within
the field. When water is allowed to flow under high pressure with the help of a
pump, it gets sprinkled on the crops.
system is more useful on uneven land, having fewer water supplies. In this
method, water is supplied using pipes to one or more central locations within
the field. When water is allowed to flow under high pressure with the help of a
pump, it gets sprinkled on the crops.
b)Drip system :
This
system of irrigation is generally used to irrigate the gardens, trees and fruit
plants. In this system the water falls drop by drop just at the position of
roots. The places where water is not available in abundant, this method is very
useful as the water is not wasted and the plants get regular supply of water.
system of irrigation is generally used to irrigate the gardens, trees and fruit
plants. In this system the water falls drop by drop just at the position of
roots. The places where water is not available in abundant, this method is very
useful as the water is not wasted and the plants get regular supply of water.
7)
If wheat is sown in the kharif season, what would happen? Discuss.
ANSWER:-If
wheat is sown in the kharif season (from June to October), then the whole crop might get destroyed
because of many factors such as lack of optimum temperature, adaptability,
availability of pests, etc. Kharif season includes the rainy season, which is
not favourable for the growth of wheat crop. Therefore, wheat crop should not
be sown during this season.
wheat is sown in the kharif season (from June to October), then the whole crop might get destroyed
because of many factors such as lack of optimum temperature, adaptability,
availability of pests, etc. Kharif season includes the rainy season, which is
not favourable for the growth of wheat crop. Therefore, wheat crop should not
be sown during this season.
8)
Explain how soil gets affected by the continuous plantation of crops in a
field.
ANSWER:-Plants
require nutrients for their proper growth and functioning. When a farmer continues to grow crops one
after the other, then all nutrients available
in the soil reduce and the crop yield decreases automatically.
require nutrients for their proper growth and functioning. When a farmer continues to grow crops one
after the other, then all nutrients available
in the soil reduce and the crop yield decreases automatically.
9) What are weeds? How can we control them?
ANSWER:-Undesirable
plants that grow along with crop plants are known as weeds we can control the weeds by different methods.
plants that grow along with crop plants are known as weeds we can control the weeds by different methods.
Tilling: Tilling of fields before
sowing the seeds uproots the weeds. Weeds then dry up and mixed with the soil.
sowing the seeds uproots the weeds. Weeds then dry up and mixed with the soil.
Manual removal: Weeds are removed
manually with the help of trowel or harrow.
manually with the help of trowel or harrow.
Weedicides: There are certain
chemicals available to control weeds which are known as weedicides. These are sprayed on the fields to kill the
fields.
chemicals available to control weeds which are known as weedicides. These are sprayed on the fields to kill the
fields.
10)
Arrange the following boxes in proper order to make a flow chart of sugarcane
crop production.
ANSWER:-
The
correct sequence is:
correct sequence is:
1.
Preparation of soil
Preparation of soil
2.
Ploughing the field
Ploughing the field
3.
Sowing
Sowing
4.
Manuring
Manuring
5.
Irrigation
Irrigation
6.
Harvesting
Harvesting
7.
Sending crop to sugar factory
Sending crop to sugar factory
11)
Complete the following word puzzle with the help of clues given below.
Down
1.
Providing water to the crops.-Irrigation
Providing water to the crops.-Irrigation
2.
Keeping crop grains for a long time under proper conditions. – Storage
Keeping crop grains for a long time under proper conditions. – Storage
5.
Certain plants of the same kind grown on a large scale.-crop across
Certain plants of the same kind grown on a large scale.-crop across
3.
A machine used for cutting the matured crop. – Harvester
A machine used for cutting the matured crop. – Harvester
4.
A Rabi crop that is also one of the pulses. – Gram
A Rabi crop that is also one of the pulses. – Gram
6.
A process of separating the grain from chaff. -winnowing
A process of separating the grain from chaff. -winnowing